This is pretty much a mirror of this, but i will likely be making some changes to it later.

ALTERNATIVES TO BLOATWARE

The list is built pointing to software that has alternatives with less dependencies, and addressing dependencies was the easy thing. Some tools in particular were included because they add less dependencies overall while keeping a system functional. One such example is imagemagick and ffmpeg, by which you can do a lot of work and replace many tools by just using those with scripts and replace something like a screenshot utility. Certainly it would be great to have a comparative on resource usage. However, a new revision now includes software that was previously discarded for better comparison and featured recommendations will not be highlight for the moment.

TL;DR: is about the unix principle, having a fully functional system pretty damn minimal with that.

Data
Decentralized Networking
Emulation And Virtualization
File Utilities
Filesharing
Forensics
Hardware
Monitoring
1. Benchmarking
2. System Information
3. System Monitoring
Multimedia
1. ASCii Art
2. Audio
3. Image
4. Metadata
5. Video
Network Setup
Office
Package Management
Pentesting
1. Exploitables
2. Network Scanner
3. Network Tampering
4. Password Cracking
5. Vulnerability Scanner
Privacy
Programming
Remote Access
Science And Engineering
Security
1. Containment
2. Honeypots
3. Host Intrusion
4. Network Intrusion
Server
1. Server Authentication
System Utilities
1. Init
2. Job Scheduler
X Desktop

ANDROID APPS

Launcher: OpenLauncher (8,3 MB) -> Catapult (4,7 MB) -> Lawnchair (3,1 MB) -> Paper Launch (2,8 MB) -> Launch Time (2,5 MB) -> Silverfish (1,5 MB) -> T-UI (1,2 MB) -> Search Based Launcher (622 KB) -> KISS (431 KB) -> Emerald Launcher (172 KB) -> Hayai Launcher (106 KB) -> Fast (76 KB) -> Essential Launcher (26 KB) -> Null Launcher (12 KB)
Facebook: FaceSlim (1,3 MB) -> Tinfoil for Facebook (525 KB) -> SlimSocial (313 KB)
Twitter: Tinfoil for Twitter -> SlimSocial for Twitter (699 KB)
YouTube: NewPipe (5,0 MB) -> SkyTube (4,9 MB) -> WebTube (2,1 MB) -> MinTube (981 KB)
Photo Gallery: Simple Gallery (12 MB) -> LeafPic (10/2016: 4.3 MB) -> Cameraroll (2.4 MB) -> A Photo Manager (1.3MB)
E-Books: Document Viewer (8.5 MB)
Notes: Orgzly (3.9 MB) -> Markor (3 MB) -> miniNoteViewer (452 KB)
Keyboards: Hacker's Keyboard (1,2 MB) -> Simple Keyboard (835 KB)
File Manager: Amaze -> OI File Manager
Dictionary: Quickdic
Firewall: NetGuard -> AFWall+
E-Mail: K-9 Mail

Most apps are from F-Droid, we are just starting.

Command Line

Commands Cheatsheet: CLI Companion -> xman -> cheat / howdoi / clf / fu / bro -> curl cht.sh/PROGRAM
Copy and Move Progress Bar: progress -> Advanced Copy
Daemonize: dtach -> abduco -> GNU Screen
Directory Bookmarks: Apparix -> fasd
Framebuffer Environment: jfbterm/Fbterm -> yaft (because sixel) -> hterm (because regis) -> Fbpad -> FramebufferUI
Hacker Culture: ddate, fortune, The Hacker Test, The Jargon File
Login: fgetty -> mingetty -> stty (GNU Coreutils) -> agetty (util-linux)
Menu: pdmenu -> tmenu -> iSelect -> pick -> fzy -> slmenu
Multiplexer: Byobu -> Tmux -> GNU Screen (+sixel patch) -> dvtm
Notification: skroll
Progress Bar: vramsteg -> clpbar- > pv - Pipe Viewer -> sob - simple output bar -> dbar
Scripting: Multipipe -> GNU Parallel (+ GNU SQL) -> execline -> Expect -> empty
Shells: Xonsh -> PowerShell -> Bash (+ bash-completion + bash-completion-extras) -> zsh -> tcsh -> PC-DCL -> mksh -> dash -> rc -> s -> Danshell
Terminal Colorizer: colout -> lolcat -> Bashish
Terminal Dropdown: tdrop -> YeahConsole -> alwaysontop
Terminal Emulator: PuTTY -> Cool Retro Term -> Terminology -> rxvt-unicode (a.k.a. urxvt) -> Termite -> UXTerm (XTerm) -> st -> Qodem
Terminal Pager: most -> less (+ lesspipe)
Terminal Screensaver: bb, sl, tty-clock, CMatrix, cowsay (or cowthink), rice, Asciiquarium, pipes, nyan.sh, rickrollrc, NCMatrix, terminal-screensaver, No More Secrets

Communication

BBS-MUD Client: SyncTERM -> KildClient -> kbtin -> TinTin++
Bookmarks Manager: bookmarks.public -> bk_edit -> pmb -> b.
Browser: ungoogled-chromium -> Pale Moon -> GNU IceCat -> luakit / vimb / surf (tabbed) / Uzbl (tabbed) -> NetSurf (works in the framebuffer too) -> Arachne (works in the framebuffer too)
Browser (Command Line): w3m (can display images) -> Lynx -> Links2 (can display images) -> Netrik -> retawq
Browser (Gopher): GopherVR -> gopherfs -> UMN Gopher client -> sacc -> cgo -> Lynx
Chat Client: Finch (Pidgin) in irssi mode -> Centerim -> Bitlbee
E-Mail Archiver: Hypermail -> Lurker
E-Mail Client (MUA): Icedove/Thunderbird (+ Enigmail) -> Mailspring -> Emacs (Gnus) -> SquirrelMail -> Alpine -> Mutt -> mailutils ("mailx") -> S-nail ("mailx") + Muttprint
E-Mail Fetcher: Fetchmail -> fdm -> isync (mbsync)
E-Mail MIME: TNEF -> metamail
E-Mail SMTP Client: nullmailer -> msmtp -> esmtp -> SSMTP
IPTV: FreetuxTV -> iptvx
IRC Client: HexChat -> BitchX -> Weechat -> Irssi -> ii -> sic
Media Center: Plex -> Kodi ("XBMC", + Sonarr) -> Emby -> Popcorn Time -> LittleWeeb
Offline Reader: Kiwix -> Darcy Ripper -> HTTrack -> Stallman.js -> Wget
Online Radio: Nuvola Player
RSS Feed and Podcast: gPodder -> Raggle -> Liferea -> Newsbeuter (+ Podbeuter) -> Newsboat -> sfeed
Search Engine Scraper: Googler -> Surfraw (+ dmenu or slmenu)
Streams Catcher: Streamripper -> youtube-dl -> cclive -> youtube-pl -> RTMPDump -> quvi
UPnP (DLNA) Client: djmount
Usenet Client (Newsreader): Pan -> slrn ( + slrnpull + slrnface) -> Trn
VoIP Client: Empathy -> Jitsi -> Finch (Pidgin)
XMPP Client: Profanity

Desktop Client

4chan: ANSIchan / yottu
Booru: ahoviewer
Facebook: facy - > FBCMD (unmaintained) -> FBCLI -> Facebook CLI
General: Weboob -> Rambox -> Gwibber
Pastebin: pastebinit
Reddit: Reddit Comment Finder -> Cortex -> PRAW -> cReddit -> rtv
Slack: ScudCloud -> slackterm
Telegram: Telegram Desktop -> ncTelegram -> telegram-cli -> Telegram-Purple
Twitter: Hotot -> turses -> oysttyer
Youtube: mps-youtube -> youtube-viewer

Data

Data Mining and Business Intelligence: JasperReports -> KNIME -> GNU Ferret -> GURGLE
Data Parsing: intltool -> XMLStarlet -> Flat file extractor (ffe)
Database (Datalog): Datalog Educational System, Datalog
Database (Middleware): MySQL Workbench -> Virtuoso Universal Server -> Orbada -> Autotable
Database (NoSQL): GZigZag, RRDtool, Dgraph, Redis, GNU Recutils
Database (SQL): MySQL -> Percona -> MariaDB -> CUBRID -> Ingres II -> ShellSQL
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): IDempiere -> LedgerSMB -> SQL-Ledger
Expert System: CLIPS -> Flora-2
Financial Markets Monitoring: JStock -> QtTrader -> Qtstalker
Full-Text Search: Xapian -> Tokyo Dystopia -> Groonga
Human Resource Management: OrangeHRM
Invoicing: Simple Invoices
Project Management: GanttProject

Decentralized Networking

Backbone Framework: GNUnet -> OSF DCE (Distributed Computing Environment)
Chat: Tox -> Matrix (Matrix-Ircd, Riot) -> GNU Jami -> eircd -> P2PIRC -> nircd
Darknet: autovpn -> LibreVPN -> Tor -> AnoNet -> i2p
Digital Library: Aletheia
Distributed File Systems: Samba -> NFS (nfs-utils) -> davfs2 -> Upspin -> IPFS
Distributed File Systems (Samba): SMB for FUSE (FuseSmb) -> SMBNetFS -> CIFS (cifs-utils)
DNS Resolution: OpenNIC -> Namecoin -> KadNode
E-Commerce: OpenBazaar + FIX Agora + Bitnation + GNU Taler
E-Commerce (Bitcoin): Qt Bitcoin Trader (Bitcoin Trader), Abe (Block Chain Browser)
E-Commerce (Bitcoin Wallet): Armory -> Bitcoin Core -> Monero
E-Mail: Notbit (Bitmessage)
Forum: Decentraland -> GNU Social (Pleroma, Mastodon) -> Syndie -> NNTPChan
Gossip Network (Network Service Discovery): peernet
Grid Computing: traceroute@home -> BOINC (+ boinctui)
Media Hosting: MediaGoblin -> Alexandria (not ready yet but this how it works) -> ipfs.pics
Mesh Network: Tinc -> cjdns -> BMX6 -> open80211s (802.11s) -> B.A.T.M.A.N.
Monetary Incentives: Storj + Gridcoin + Stream Token
Network Block Device: Usbredir -> nbd
Search Engine: searx -> Seeks -> YaCy (truly decentralized, would be wonderful if searx/seeks could feed its data to YaCy)
Search Engine (Gopher): Jugtail
Search Engine (Torrents): Magnetissimo -> magnetico
Streaming: Butter Project -> Livepeer -> PeerTube
Version Control (Decentralized Github): git-annex (+ git-annex assistant) -> GitTorrent
VPN: n2n -> PeerVPN
Wiki: ikiwiki

Emulation And Virtualization

Containers: sandbox -> fakechroot -> FakeRoot -> PRoot -> chroot -> containerd -> OpenVZ -> User-mode Linux (UML) -> LXC -> Linux-VServer -> containers
Emulators: Systemd/Linux: systemd-shim, Windows: Wine (+ Wine Staging), Android: Anbox, OS X: Darling, Atari: Hatari (16/32-bit) and Atari800 (8-bit), CP/M: cpm (+ cpmtool), Spectrum: FBZX, Commodore: VICE, DOS: DOSBox
Hypervisors: Xen -> NOVA -> KVM
Network Virtualization: GNS3 -> nsnam
Video Game Console Emulation (ATARI): Stella
Video Game Console Emulation (XBOX): XQEMU
Video Game Console Emulation (MULTIPLE): Higan -> Mednafen -> RetroArch -> MAME -> AdvanceMAME (framebuffer support)
Video Game Console Emulation (NINTENDO): FCEUX/Citra, DeSmuME (Nintendo DS), Mupen64Plus (Nintendo 64), Dolphin (GameCube and Wii)
Video Game Console Emulation (SCUMM): ScummVM
Video Game Console Emulation (SEGA): Gens/GS, Exodus, Yabause (Sega Saturn), Lxdream, Reicast (Dreamcast)
Video Game Console Emulation (PLAYSTATION): PPSSPP, RPCS3, PCSX2
Virtual Assembler: GNUSim8085, spim
Virtual Machine: VirtualBox -> AQEMU + kvm -> Qemu + kvm -> Bochs
Virtual Machine (IBM Mainframes): Hercules
Virtual Machine (DEC): SIMH

File Utilities

Batch Renamer: Metamorphose -> GPRename -> vidir -> qmv (renameutils) -> mmv
Duplicate Files Removal: dupeGuru -> FSlint -> freedup -> fdmf -> dupmerge -> duff -> Fdupes -> jdupes -> rmlint
File Archiver: PeaZip -> Xarchiver -> Patool -> dtrx -> Atool -> dar -> tar -> pax
File Compression: arj, Zstandard (Zstd), Zip, lzop, Plzip, pxz, ECM (Error Code Modeler), p7zip, lbzip2, lrzip, pigz
File Conversion: nrg2iso, dmg2iso (dmg to iso), mdf2iso (mdf to iso), daa2iso (daa to iso), UIF2ISO (uif to iso), ccd2iso (img to iso), bin2iso (bin-cue to iso), bchunk (bin-cue to iso), mpq-tools (MPQ or MoPaQ), Macutils
File De-Compression Only: unace, cabextract, unrar, Lunzip, UnZip
File Manager: PCManFM -> Xfe -> SpaceFM -> File System Visualizer (“It’s a Unix system, I know this!”) -> Endeavour Mark II -> donnatella -> worker (+ imagemagick) -> Moxfm -> Emacs (Dired Plus Mode, Sunrise Commander, ranger.el, Image-Dired, ThumbsMode) -> Ranger -> Midnight Commander -> vifm -> FDclone -> Ytree -> rover -> CLEX -> nnn -> tree
File Search: Beagle -> Puggle -> ANGRYsearch -> Tracker -> DocFetcher -> regain -> lightmediascanner -> find
File Synchronization: Unison -> duplicity -> synk -> Rsync
Pictures Organizer: hydrus network -> Shotwell -> GTKRawGallery -> digiKam -> gThumb (+ gphoto) -> Mapivi -> BASH-Booru
RegEx Builder: regexxer -> Visual REGEXP -> txt2regex

Filesharing

Direct Connect: LinuxDC++ -> ncdc -> microdc2
Download Manager: JDownloader -> giFT (+ giFTcurs) -> aria2 -> cURL -> Wget -> snarf -> Axel
File Scraper: Grive2 (Google Drive) -> megatools (Mega) -> Rclone -> Plowshare
FTP Client: FileZilla -> lftp -> NcFTP
LAN Sharing: NitroShare -> Dukto
Media Miner: FlexGet -> Sonarr
Soulseek: Nicotine Plus -> Museek (mucous)
Torrent Client: qBittorrent -> RTorrent -> transmission-daemon (web interface by default, other frontends optional) -> CTorrent -> btpd + mktorrent
Torrent Tracker Scraper: Torrtux -> Torrench -> Jackett
Usenet (File Grabber): LottaNZB -> SABnzbd -> NZBGet -> nzb -> nzbperl
x-y-zmodem: lrzsz

Forensics

Application Profiling: CGprof -> Valgrind (+ Callgrind)
Browser Debugger: Firebug
Debugger: DDD -> CGDB -> OpenOCD -> GDB
Delta Encoding: xdelta -> Bsdiff
Forensic Analysis Framework: The Sleuth Kit -> DFF -> Radare
Hex Editors: HT Editor -> biew -> dhex -> hexedit
Java Profiling: VisualVM -> Quilt
Memory Scanner (Cheat Engine): scanmem & Gameconqueror -> varedit
Sandbox: Cuckoo Sandbox
Steganalysis: Virtual Steganographic Laboratory -> Stegdetect

Hardware

Cameras: ZoneMinder (CCTV), Motion (motion detection), gPhoto (connecting digital cameras), ccdciel
Car (as in automobile): can-utils
CD-DVD Burn and Copy (Backends): cdrtools -> cdrkit -> cdrskin
CD-DVD Burn and Copy (Frontends): K3b -> Brasero -> dvd+rw-tools -> xorriso -> cdw
CD-DVD Cue Files: cuetools -> cuecmd
CD-DVD Information: cd-discid -> cdstatus
CD-DVD Ripping: Sound Juicer -> fre ac -> cdparanoia (+ ABCDE)
Data Recovery: fatcat -> ext3grep -> giis (gET iT i sAY) -> extundelete -> Magic Rescue -> dvdisaster -> TestDisk (PhotoRec) -> ddrescue
Device Management (and module autoloader): evdev -> udev -> vdev
Disk Cloning and Writing: devio -> dd -> dcfldd -> dc3dd
Display Color Temperature: Redshift -> sct -> luminous
Display Settings: xrandr -> DDCcontrol -> fbset
Displays (Miracast): MiracleCast
Hardware Bus: multipath-tools, I2C Tools (i2c-tools), IPMI Tool (ipmitool, ipmiutil) (IPMI DANGEROUS IF ENABLED)
Hardware RAID: mdadm -> dmraid
Hibernation: TuxOnIce -> uswsusp -> pm-utils -> shutdownasap -> watchdog
Home Automation: LinuxMCE
Keyboard Bindings: Xbindkeys -> sxhkd -> bind (readline) -> loadkeys (+ keymaps)
Keyboard Input Language: iBus -> SCIM -> Fcitx -> uim (+ Anthy)
Keyboard Layout: XKB -> xmodmap -> KBD
Media Transfer Protocol (MTP): MTPfs -> jmtpfs -> simple-mtpfs
Microcontrollers: AVRDUDE
Mounting: AcetoneISO -> Udisks (+ udevil) -> Lightweight Device Mounter (ldm) -> USBmount -> pmount -> bashmount -> mount (.ISO files too) -> udev rules
Mouse: xbanish -> keynav -> GPM
Power Management: tpfancontrol -> tpacpi-bat -> thinkfan -> TLP -> PowerTOP -> Powertweak
Printers: CUPS -> LPR
Scanners: Scanner Access Now Easy (SANE)
Software-defined radio (SDR): GNU Radio (+ Gqrx) -> rtl-sdr
Telescope: Talon
Tv (DVR): xawtv -> tvtime
Tv (Multicast): udpxy -> IGMPproxy
Undevolting and Power Saving: TurionPowerControl -> Linux-PHC -> cpufrequtils -> cpupower -> schedtool
UPS: egctl -> Network UPS Tools (NUT) -> apcupsd

Monitoring

Benchmarking

Drive Profiling: Smartmontools -> fio -> sdparm -> hdparm
Filesystem Benchmark: IOzone -> Bonnie++ -> MBW
General Benchmarking: collectd -> Phoronix Test Suite -> HPC Challenge Benchmark (hpcc) -> mcelog -> ProcBench -> Sysbench
Network Data Visualization: weathermap4rrd (rrd) -> Xtract (pcap)
Network Profiling: net-snmp -> vnStat -> iperf -> bing
Server Benchmark: Siege
Sort Benchmark: gensort
System Tracing: SystemTap -> LTTng -> OProfile -> Sysdig -> dtrace -> strace -> trace-cmd (ftrace) -> perf + FlameGraph

System Information

General Information: zCI -> inxi
Hardware Information: vdpauinfo -> lshw -> hwloc -> lsscsi -> edac-utils -> usbutils (lsusb) -> pciutils (lspci) -> util-linux (lsblk, blkid, dmesg) -> acpitool dmidecode
Screenshot Information (Bash): Neofetch -> screenFetch -> envee
Screenshot Information (C): Linux_Logo
Screenshot Information (Perl): screenfo -> alsi
Software Information: vrms -> file -> ldd -> lsb_release -> os-prober -> uname (GNU Coreutils)

System Monitoring

Database Monitoring: Mytop
Disk Usage: QDirStat -> Baobab -> xdiskusage -> XDU -> dfc -> Ncdu -> ls++ -> tdu -> ncdt -> du + df (GNU coreutils)
Geolocation: Prey
Hardware Monitoring: lm-sensors (psensor for a GUI) -> CrazyDiskInfo -> Hddtemp
Log Monitoring: Webalizer -> lnav -> Logcheck -> multiTail
Log Visualizer: glTail -> Logstalgia -> ccze
Network Flow: Argos -> HFlow -> nfdump (nfsen for a GUI)
Network Latency: OpenNMS -> SmokePing -> bmon
Network Monitoring: IPTraf -> tcptrack -> IPTState -> NetHogs -> iftop, dnstop
Port Monitoring: psad
Process Monitoring: lsof, PSmisc (fuser, pkill, pstree)
Serial Monitoring: slsnif -> interceptty -> ttylog
System Latency: LatencyTOP
System Monitor: gnome-system-monitor -> psDooM -> HardInfo -> GKrellM -> treeps -> Conky -> xosview -> Glances -> dstat -> atop -> htop -> nmon -> procinfo -> Sysstat (sar, mpstat, pidstat, iostat, sadf) -> procps (ps, free, vmstat, top, pmap, nice)
User Monitoring: wuzzah -> Whowatch -> acct
Web Log Analytics: AWStats -> W3Perl -> Analog -> pmacct
Web State Monitor: Nagios (+ NagVis) -> Sysmond -> sysmon
Wi-Fi Network Monitor: wavemon

Multimedia

ASCii Art

ANSI Drawing: MysticDraw -> SHPaint
ANSi Viewer: ANSiMat
ASCii Animation: blessed -> Durdraw -> drawille
ASCii Banner: shellpic -> TOIlet -> FIGlet -> sysvbanner
ASCii Drawing: JavE -> Aewan -> cadubi -> CAVE WALL -> textdraw
ASCii Presentations: wopr -> blessed-contrib
Image to ASCii: jp2a
Video to ASCii: libcaca -> AAlib

Audio

Audio Editing: Audacity -> Snd -> Ecasound -> SoX
Audio Effect Plugins: awesfx (SoundFont), Vamp, zam-plugins (LADSPA/LV2/VST/JACK), LV2 (x42-plugins), LADSPA (tap-plugins), DSSI (dssi-utils, dssi-vst), ALSA plugins (alsa-plugins)
Background Sound: GNU GTick -> Ambient Noise -> ctronome
Digital Audio Workstation: Rosegarden -> Ardour -> LMMS
DJing: Mixxx
Ear Training: LenMus -> GNU Solfege
Multiple Audio Streams: pulseaudio -> apulse -> ALSA (aloop, Softvol, Dmix)
Music Player: Audacious (+ Winamp Classic skin + GJay) -> Clementine -> Open Cubic Player -> MPD (vimus/ncmpcpp) -> cmus -> mp3blaster (runs with "aoss mp3blaster" or compiled with ALSA) -> MikMod -> MOC (+ moc-ffmpeg-plugin, dmenu_mocp) -> simple audio daemon (sad)
Music Visualization: Spectrum3d -> Le Biniou -> projectM -> cava -> cli-visualizer
Scorewriter: MuseScore -> LilyPond -> eTktab -> Emacs (lyqi) -> Philip's Music Writer (pmw) -> ABCmidi (abcpp + abc2prt + abcm2ps)
Software Sampler: LinuxSampler -> orDrumbox -> Hydrogen
Synthesizer: AlsaModularSynth -> ZynAddSubFX -> FluidSynth (+ SoundFonts)
System Sound Compatibility: WineASIO, oss2jack, oss-compat, alsa-oss
System Sound Extensions: pulseaudio -> Jack (jack, jack-audio-connection-kit) -> ESound (esound-common)
System Sound Utilities: pavucontrol (pulseaudio) -> JACK Rack (for Jack) -> JAMin (for Jack) -> Qastools -> gnome-alsamixer -> aumix -> Rexima -> ALSA tools (alsa-tools, alsa-tools-gui) -> Alsaequal -> alsa-utils (alsamixer, amixer, aplay, arecord)
Tonal Feature Analysis: CLAM Chordata -> Sonic-> Spek -> Pause
Tracker Editors: MilkyTracker -> Schism
Trackers: SID-Wizard -> GoatTracker
Tray Icon: Volume Icon -> Volti

Image

Bitmaps to Vector Conversion: AutoTrace -> Potrace
Diagram Editor: Pencil Project -> Dia -> Graphviz
Digital Drawing (Bitmap Graphics): Krita -> MyPaint -> Xournal -> XPaint -> GrafX2 / uberpaint
Digital Drawing (Coloring): OpenColorIO -> deepcolor -> STYLE2PAINTS
Digital Drawing (Fonts): FontForge
Digital Drawing (Vector): Inkscape -> Xfig -> gozer -> ImageMagick
Fonts Conversion: bdftopcf, PSF Tools, pcf2bdf, otf2bdf, bdf2psf
Fractals and Random Computer Artwork: Mandelbulber -> Fyre -> Wassily
Image Editing: RawTherapee -> darktable -> Gimp -> Netpbm -> G'MIC -> GraphicsMagick -> ImageMagick (display, import) -> Gifsicle
Image Optimizing: OptiPNG -> pngcrush -> pngquant
Image Viewer: Feh -> sxiv -> zgv -> lsix -> sdump -> display (ImageMagick) -> fim / fbi (fbida) -> idump
Plotting: Gnuplot -> Ngraph-gtk -> ygraph -> PLplot -> FRTPLOT -> Picviz
Screenshots: Shutter -> scrot -> maim -> shot.sh -> import (ImageMagick) -> fbcat (FBGrab)

Metadata

Metadata: Easytag -> Beets -> MAT -> Exiv2 -> MediaInfo -> viexif -> ExifTool -> exif

Video

Compositing: CinePaint -> Natron
Datamoshing: Autodatamosh
Digital Animation (2D): Synfig -> OpenToonz
Digital Animation (3D): Blender
Flash Player: Lightspark -> Gnash
HDR (High-Dynamic-Range): pfstools
Screencasting: Open Broadcaster Studio -> SimpleScreenRecorder -> XVidCap -> glc -> FFmpeg -> ttyrec (+ seq2gif)
Video Editing: Kdenlive -> Avidemux -> OpenShot -> Cinelerra-cv -> Melt -> AvxSynth -> blind -> FFmpeg
Video Effects Plugins: Frei0r
Video Player: nvlc (VLC) -> MPV -> MPlayer -> fbff -> ffplay
Video to gif: Video2Gif -> QGifer -> convert (ImageMagick) -> FFmpeg
Video Transcoding: HandBrake -> WinFF -> FFmpeg / avconv

Network Setup

Bandwidth Saver: Wondershaper
Bandwidth Testing: speedtest-cli -> speed-test
Bluetooth: btmgmt -> Bluez-tools
DHCP Client: dhclient -> dhcpcd
DNS Encryption: DNSSEC, DNSCrypt
DNS Resolution: dnsmasq -> Unbound + NDS -> BIND9 -> djbdns
MAC Manipulation: GNU MAC Changer (macchanger)
Network Encryption: OpenSSL -> LibreSSL -> GnuTLS -> IPsec / SAE (802.11s)
Network Manager: Wicd -> NetworkManager -> ConnMan -> SetNet
Networking Tools: WvDial -> ethtool -> iproute2 (ip, ss) -> net-tools (ifconfig, netstat)
Point-to-Point Protocol: Point-to-Point Protocol daemon
Wireless Tools: rfkill, iw -> Wireless Tools for Linux, iwd -> wpa_supplicant

Office

Address book: abook
Desktop Publishing: Scribus
Dictionary: Goldendict -> Artha -> Dico, dict -> wtf
Document Format Conversion: unoconv -> Pandoc -> Yodl -> GNU a2ps -> inf2manp
Document Processor: Emacs (AUCTeX) -> LyX -> GNU TeXmacs
Ebook Utilities: DeDRM_tools
Ebook Utilities (CHM): xCHM -> CHMLib (extract_chmLib)
Ebook Utilities (Epub): Ebook Tools (ebook-tools)
Ebook Utilities (PDF): PDF SaM -> Poppler -> PDFtk
Ebook Utilities (PostScript): PSUtils -> ghostscript
Ebook Viewer: Calibre -> Okular -> Zathura -> JFBView / fimgs (fim) / fbgs (fbida) / fbpdf
Flashcards: awk flashcards -> Anki
Gamification: HabitRPG -> Habitica
Mind Mapping: FreeMind
Office Suites: LibreOffice -> Siag Office -> catdoc (xls2csv, catppt, wordview)
Outliner: TreeSheets -> Vault 3 -> GJots2 -> TuDu -> Emacs (Org-mode) -> Vim (Vimoutliner or Vim-orgmode) -> hnb -> snb
Personal Accounting: GnuCash -> Ledger -> GNU Pem
Personal Assistant: Mycroft -> Lucida (aka Sirius) -> betty
Personal Organizer: Task Coach -> Wyrd -> wtf -> Taskwarrior -> calcurse -> todo.txt-cli -> when -> cal
Presentation: Beamer -> Sozi -> Text Presentation Program
Repetitive Strain Injury: Workrave
Speed Reading: Flinks -> WordFlashReader -> GnomeRSVP -> spread0r -> speedread
Spell Check: Ispell -> Aspell
Spreadsheets: Libreoffice Calc -> Gnumeric -> Oleo -> SC-IM
Text Editor: Vim -> Nano -> Neovim -> Kakoune -> vile -> mg -> GNU Zile (minimalist Emacs clone) -> nvi -> Elvis (minimalist Vi clone) -> ed
Text Editor (IDE): Atom -> NetBeans -> Code Blocks -> Emacs (nox) -> Vim -> xwpe (full IDE in the terminal)
Text Encoding: fuse-convmvfs, Dos2Unix, ASCII
Text Formatting and Pretty Printing: par -> fmt (Textutils) -> MSORT
Text-To-Speech: Orca -> Gespeaker -> eBook-speaker (+ pandoc) -> eSpeak
Typesetting: LaTeX -> Texinfo + Pinfo -> Discount (Markdown) -> AFT -> groff (tbl, pic, eqn, chem, music, dpic, grohtml)
Typing Training: Klavaro -> nlkt -> GNU Typist
Word Processor: LibreOffice Writer -> Abiword -> MinEd -> WordGrinder

Package Management

CD/USB (Custom Installer): Respin -> Remastersys -> Distroshare -> PinguyBuilder -> Customizer -> Ubuntu Customization Kit -> Mklivecd
CD/USB (Live): UNetbootin -> MultiCD
Gaming Platform: LGOGDownloader (GOG.com), SteamCMD (Steam), Lutris, Gelide
Language Specific: bpkg (Bash scripts) -> CPAN (+ Pinto) (Perl) -> clib (C)
Package Creation: OBS (Open Build Service) -> src2pkg -> CheckInstall -> GNU Stow -> lt
Portable Apps: Flatpak -> Snappy -> AppImage
System Backup: Systemback -> Bacula -> FSArchiver -> CYA
Universal Package Managers: Alien -> LinuxBrew -> pkgsrc -> GNU Guix

Pentesting

Exploitables

Distros: Security Scenario Generator (SecGen) -> Damn Vulnerable Linux -> Metasploitable -> Kioptrix
Web Apps: Mutillidae -> hackxor -> WebGoat

Network Scan

Bluetooth: btscanner -> bluesniff
DNS Client: whois, dnsenum, dnstracer, slookup, bind-tools (nslookup, host, dig)
Link Scanner: Metagoofil -> LinkChecker -> Linklint (+ linklint2dot)
Network Enumeration: SSLScan, xprobe2, p0f, WhatWeb, PRADS
Network File Retrieval: Driftnet -> VoIPong -> tcpxtract
Network Mapping: Open Visual Traceroute -> EtherApe -> Paris Traceroute -> Dublin Traceroute -> MTR -> Layer Four Traceroute (LFT) -> tcptraceroute -> iputils (Ping, traceroute, tracepath, arping) -> ipcalc -> GeoIP
OSINT: SpiderFoot -> TheHarvester -> Creepy -> Netglub
Packet Sniffer: Tshark (Wireshark TUI) -> tcpflow -> tcpdump + tcpick
Reconnaissance Framework: Recon-ng -> DMitry -> dsniff (urlsnarf, filesnarf, webspy, Tcpkill, macof, arpspoof) -> Nmap -> ngrep
WiFi Scanner: FLUXION -> Kismet

Network Tampering

General: netcat -> ncat (nmap) -> cryptcat (Netcat) -> socat -> Netsed
Man-in-the-middle Attack: sslstrip -> Morpheus -> evilginx2 -> bettercap -> Ettercap
Packet Crafting: Ostinato -> hping
Traffic Generator: Mausezahn
Traffic Replay: Tcpreplay

Password Cracking

BIOS: CmosPwd
Compressed Files: RarCrack
General: John the Ripper / Hashcat
PDF: pdfcrack
Remote: THC Hydra
WiFi: Reaver -> Aircrack-ng
Windows: Ophcrack
Wordlist Generator: CUPP -> crunch

Vulnerability Scanner

Application Vulnerability: Fuzz -> BCCF -> afl-fuzz
Backdooring: Veil -> Cymothoa -> Backdoor Factory -> Evilgrade -> EvilAbigail
Cross-Scripting: xsser
Exploit Famework: Metasploit -> Metasploit (Perl), WebSploit -> w3af
Network Vulnerability: pytbull -> Yersinia
Post Exploitation: Empire -> Post Exploitation Collection (Windows) -> mimikatz (Windows) -> Post Exploitation Linux Toolkit -> poet
SIP: Sippts
Social Engineering: SET (Social Engineering Toolkit), BeEF (The Browser Exploitation Framework Project)
SQL Injection: sqlmap
SSH Denial: screwSSH
Web Application Vulnerability: Nikto
Windows Registry Editor: Offline NT Password & Registry Editor (chntpw)

Privacy

Anti Stylometry: Anonymouth
Data Erasure: Dban -> bleachbit_cli (BleachBit) -> shred (GNU Coreutils)
Boot Encryption: cryptboot
Disk Encryption: dislocker -> cryptsetup (dm-crypt)
File Encryption: GNU Privacy Assistant -> MCrypt -> ccrypt -> GNU Privacy Guard
Filesystem Encryption: eCryptfs -> EncFS -> StegFS
Folder Encryption: VeraCrypt -> Tomb -> tcplay (full TrueCrypt implementation and still minimalist)
Encrypted Version Control: Keyringer
Identity Generator: The Random Identity Generator (rig)
Password Generator: pwgen -> apg -> upwgen -> randstr
Password Manager: KeePassX / KeePassXC -> pass (+ pass-tomb, + passmenu) -> kpcli
Password Sync: KeySync
Steganography: StegoShare -> Steghide -> SNOW (stegsnow) -> UUDeview -> Steganoroute

Programming

Build Automation: Ninja -> mk -> GNU make -> bmake -> Icmake -> Jam, Gnulib
Build Script Generation: Gradle -> Cmake (+ cmocka + ECM) -> Autotools (Automake, Autoconf + GNU Autoconf Archive, Libtool) -> mk-configure
Code Beautifier: TagSoup -> UniversalIndentGUI -> HTML Tidy -> tidyp -> Indent
Compilers (Assembly): NASM -> Yasm -> as (GNU binutils)
Compilers (C): clang -> Tiny C Compiler (tcc)
Compilers (Java): Java SE (JDK) -> IcedTea (OpenJDK) -> GraalVM (compile multiple languages into JVM) -> JamVM (JVM) -> FastJar (Compiler)
Compilers (Multiple languages): GCC (GNU -native- Compiler for Java, GnuCOBOL, GNU Fortran) + colorgcc
Compiling Speeding Up: distcc, ccache
Cross-compiler: Buildroot -> Crosstool-NG -> dev86
Documentation Browser: Devhelp -> Zeal
Documentation Generator: perlpod, bashdoc, Doxygen, GNU help2man
Issue Tracking System: Bugzilla -> GNATS
Linting: ShellCheck, GNU Source-highlight
Memory Allocation: jemalloc -> boehm-gc
Parser Generators: ANTLR -> Ragel-> AutoGen -> GNU bison and Flex -> re2c + lemon -> GNU m4
Program Transformation: FermaT, Coccinelle, CIL, Stratego/XT
Random Hacks: patchelf, elfhacks, SWIG, Gengetopt
Source Code Count: Unified Code Count (UCC) -> CLOC
Source Code Navigation: GNU idutils, cflow (+ cflow2dot), LXR: The Linux Cross Referencer -> GNU GLOBAL -> cscope -> Ctags -> cgvg -> ack -> ag
Source-to-Source Compiler: ROSE
System Query: sysconftool, Installwatch, pkgconf
Version Control: Git (+ tig) -> CVS (+ CVSGraph) -> Fossil -> tla (GNU Arch) -> RCS + mr + quilt

Remote Access

Configuration Management: Puppet -> LCFG -> CFEngine -> cdist
Control Panel: ZPanel -> Vesta Control Panel -> Webmin
Diskless Booting: iPXE -> netboot
PC-Mobile Connection: KDE Connect -> Wammu -> BitPim -> AndroidTools
Remote Desktop (Client): rdesktop -> Remmina -> fbvnc
Remote Desktop (Client and Server): X2Go
Remote Desktop (Server): xrdp
Remote Execution: PSSH -> pconsole -> DSH
Remote File Manager: KodExplorer
Remote Login: Mosh -> OpenSSH -> lsh -> Dropbear
Remote X Apps: Xpra > X11 forwarding
Reverse Shell: icmpsh -> RevSh
Serial Console: Minicom -> Picocom -> Qodem -> GNU Screen
Server Provisioning: FAI
Wake-on-LAN: wakeonlan

Science And Engineering

Artificial Intelligence: Arcade Learning Environment, ETHNOS, Conscious Artificial Intelligence, OpenCog, OpenAI
Astronomy: Sky Chart (Cartes du Ciel) -> astroTools + evTools -> GNU Astronomy Utilities (Gnuastro)
Astronomy (Planetarium): Stellarium -> Celestia -> XEphem -> SkyCat
Astronomy (Satelline Tracking): SaVi satellite constellation visualizer
Bioinformatics: OpenSim, Cytoscape, BioJava -> UGENE -> EMBOSS -> SAMtools -> BioPerl
CAD: AutoCAD -> Blender -> FreeCAD -> LibreCAD -> OpenSCAD
Chemistry: MolComp, RasMol, PerlMol
Circuit Simulator: KiCad -> ngspice -> Gnucap
Computational Fluid Dynamics: TELEMAC -> FEATFLOW -> OpenFOAM -> Gerris
Computer Algebra System: Singular -> Axiom -> Maxima (+ PLplot) -> bc + GNU Units
Data Visualization: SocNetV -> Gephi -> Tulip
Geography (Geographic Information System): qGIS -> FWTools (OGDI, PROJ.4, GDAL/OGR, MapServer, OpenEV)
Geography (Street Map): JOSM -> Osmosis
Geography (Subway Map): qMetro
Geography (Virtual Globe): Marble
Graphing Calculator: GraphMonkey -> Lybniz -> KAlgebra -> TilEm
Multi-Agent (MA) Simulation: Mobility Testbed -> Galatea -> NetLogo -> Golly (Conway's Game of Life clone)
Physics Simulation: OpenModelica -> CalculiX -> Elmer -> MCSim
Semiconductor Modeling (TCAD): GNU Archimedes (and GNU Nano-Archimedes)
Statistical Package: SageMath -> Physics Analysis WorkStation -> ROOT -> gretl -> PSPP (+ PSPP-Perl)
Theorem Prover: Coq -> Abella -> Vampire -> Metamath
Weather Forecast: XTide -> AWeather -> My Weather Indicator -> wego -> Weather Util -> rrdweather -> curl wttr.in/YOURCITY, YOURCOUNTRY

Security

Containment

Access Control (Kernel Patches): grsecurity + gradm -> Linux Intrusion Detection System -> SecurelLevel -> PaX -> RSBAC
Access Control (Linux Security Modules (LSM)): SELinux -> TOMOYO Linux -> Smack -> AppArmor
Authentication: Polkit -> ConsoleKit -> Sudo (visudo) -> Linux PAM -> checkpassword -> shadow
Extended File Attributes: EVM -> IMA -> inotify
Resource Usage Control: cpulimit -> ulimit (Bash) -> Disk Quota -> quotatool
Sandbox: Arkose -> Firejail -> nsjail -> Bubblewrap

Honeypots

Client: HoneyC -> Capture-HPC
Distro Bundle: HoneyDrive -> ADHD
Server: Honeyperl -> Nova -> Honeyd -> LaBrea
Web-Based: HIHAT

Host Intrusion

Anti Backdoor: rosenbridge, me_cleaner
Anti Juice Jacking: usbkill -> USBGuard
Anti Malware: ClamTk -> ClamAV -> Linux Malware Detect (LMD)
Host Intrusion Detection Framework: OSSEC -> Tiger
Host System Auditing: Bastille -> OpenVAS -> Linux Security Auditing Tool (LSAT) -> Lynis
Integrity Check: PaX Utilities -> AIDE -> systraq -> Tripwire -> Samhain
Rootkit Detection: rkhunter, Chkrootkit, Unhide
System Logging: socklog (runit) -> Rsyslog -> Syslog-ng -> sysklogd

Network Intrusion

Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) Block (Layer 7 Firewall): ipp2p -> l7-filter -> OpenDPI
Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) Circumvention: zapret
Firewall: ufw (Uncomplicated Firewall) + gufw (GUI) -> arptables -> ebtables -> iptables (+ ipset) -> nftables + conntrack-tools
Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) Detection: arpwatch -> ArpON -> Arpalert
Network Intrusion Detection: Snort -> Suricata
Network Intrusion Prevention: Fail2ban -> Sshguard
Network Logging: CoCaLoRes -> ulogd

Server

BBS Server: Citadel -> Synchronet -> Mystic BBS -> BBS100
Bitcoin Miner: BFGMiner
Blog: finger / cfingerd
Bluetooth: BlueALSA
Captcha: cool-php-captcha
Chat: sshtalk -> util-linux (write, wall, mesg)
Cloud File Server: Google Drive -> Nextcloud -> Syncthing -> sftp / SSHFS (SSH)
CMS: WordPress -> GetSimple CMS -> werc
Collaborative Real-Time Editor: Gobby -> EtherCalc -> Cryptpad
Direct Connect Server: uhub
DLNA: Universal Media Server -> ReadyMedia (a.k.a. MiniDLNA) -> MiniUPnP
DNS Spam Detector: DNS Flood Detector
Document Management System: OpenKM -> LogicalDOC -> EPrints
Dynamic DNS (DDNS): DDClient
E-Mail Filtering (LDA): Dovecot -> procmail
E-Mail Indexing: Archmbox -> Chewmail -> Notmuch -> mairix
E-Mail Mailing Lists: Mailman -> Sympa -> Dada Mail -> ezmlm -> mlmmj
E-Mail Notifier: mswatch
E-Mail Server (MTA): Mail-in-a-Box -> Kolab -> Sendmail -> Postfix -> Exim -> cmail -> qpsmtpd -> OpenSMTPD -> qmail
E-Mail Spam Filter: Bogofilter -> DSPAM -> SpamAssassin -> SpamProbe + Hashcash + rbldnsd
E-Mail Validation: OpenDKIM, SPF
File Distribution: zsync
Forum: lainchan -> vichan -> Akari-BBS -> sshchan -> KrautBBS -> 1436chan
FTP Server: CurlFtpFS -> vsftpd
Gopher Server: Gophernicus -> Bucktooth (Gopher) + Bucky (for HTTP exit)
Groupware: Collabtive -> Alfresco -> eXo Platform -> Citadel/UX
Image Hosting: img.bi -> Up1
IRC Bot: Seabattle (bot game), Infobot, Eggdrop (IRC bot)
IRC Bouncer (BNC): ZNC -> bip
IRC Fileserver: iroffer
IRC Server: UnrealIRCd -> Charybdis -> InspIRCd -> ngIRCd
Learning Management System: GnuTutor -> OpenExpert -> Syllog
MUD Server: LambdaMOO -> PennMUSH
Paint chat: Drawpile -> Collab
Pastebin: Stikked -> Paste -> PrivateBin
Political: LittleSis, Loomio
Port Tunnel: stunnel -> sslh
Proxy Server: Tinyproxy
Service Manager: xinetd -> linetd -> inetd (GNU inetutils) -> knockd -> TCP Wrappers (tcpd, tcpdchk) -> ucspi-tcp
Streaming: Syncplay -> Peerflix (+ Torrentflix) -> Libresonic -> Icecast (+ DarkIce -> ezstream -> oggfwd) -> trx: Realtime audio over IP -> SRS -> VLC -> FFmpeg
Torrent Tracker: Ocelot -> Gazelle -> hefur
Tunneling: HTTPTunnel -> VTun -> ProxyChains -> VPNEncap -> VPNCHAINS
Tunneling VM: PIA Tunnel -> Whonix
Usenet Server: InterNetNews -> Leafnode
VoIP: GNU SIP Witch -> GNU Gatekeeper -> Mumble -> Linphone (linphonec) -> PJSIP -> sscall
VPN (Overlay): strongSwan -> Libreswan -> OpenVPN (+ PiVPN) -> WireGuard
VPN (Pseudo-wire): Tunneldigger -> OpenMesher
Web Caching: Decentraleyes on a web browser -> Squid (+ SquidGuard for Web Filtering)
Web Filtering: Ad blocker on a web browser -> Pi-hole -> DansGuardian -> Privoxy -> Hostsblock
Web Server: Apache -> Nginx -> lighttpd -> Hiawatha -> Monkey -> GNU MyServer -> webfs -> darkhttpd -> Bucky (Bucktooth HTTP exit)
Web Server Certificate: Dehydrated -> acmetool
Wiki: TWiki -> DokuWiki -> XWiki -> ikiwiki
Wireless Access Point: hostapd
XMPP Server: Tigase

Server Authentication

Directory Service: OpenLDAP -> NIS
Domain Specific Authentication Server: Ident (IRC), SKS (PGP)
RADIUS: FreeRADIUS -> GNU Radius
SSO: krb5 (Kerberos) + keyutils -> GNU Shishi (Kerberos)
Suites: FreeIPA -> SSSD

System Utilities

BIOS: efibootmgr -> SeaBIOS -> Coreboot -> Libreboot
Boot Loader: GRUB 2 -> GRUB Legacy -> SYSLINUX (+ Hardware Detection Tool -HDT-) -> LILO (or ELILO for UEFI) -> AiR-Boot -> Das U-Boot (u-boot-tools)
Boot Loaders (load on running machine): loadlin -> Kexec (kexec-tools)
Cache: Memcached, EnhanceIO -> dm-cache -> bcache
Core Utilities: moreutils -> Mtools -> util-linux -> GNU Coreutils -> BusyBox -> Asmutils and ARMutils
Custom Initramfs: mkinitcpio -> dracut -> Genkernel -> mkinitramfs -> umkinitramfs
Filesystem: CP/M (cpmtools), HFS Utilities, SquashFS (squashfs-tools), fuseflt, UnionFS (unionfs-fuse), udftools (UDF), F2FS (f2fs-tools), exFAT (exfat-utils, fuse-exfat), FAT (dosfstools), Btrfs (btrfs-progs), XFS (xfsprogs, xfsdump), Ext4, JFS, Reiser4, Bcachefs
IPC: DBus -> ubus -> RPCBind -> ipcs (util-linux)
Kernel Modules: NDISwrapper -> ibm-acpi-> kmod (lsmod, insmod, modprobe)
Kernel Patches: V86 mode support, GoboHide, Kernelgccpatch, Linux-ck, Liquorix, Linux-rt, GNU Linux-libre, Linux Tiny
Kernels: LUnix, Linux + Lux (kernel updater), GNU Mach, RTLinux, Muen, HiStar
Load in RAM: E4rat -> readahead -> preload, prelink
Logical Volume Management: LVM2
Multiplexer Wrappers: ucspi-unix, ucspi-ipc, socket_wrapper, nss_wrapper, uid_wrapper, resolv_wrapper, pam_wrapper
Network Time Protocol: clockspeed -> Network Time Protocol daemon (ntpd) -> chrony -> OpenNTPD
OS Frameworks: OpenStack -> Genode
Partitioning: Gparted -> GNU Parted -> util-linux (cfdisk, fdisk, sfdisk, mkfs, mkswap, swapon, swapoff)
Partitioning Fixes: u3_tool, ms-sys
Settings Manager: Youker Assistant -> Linux Lite Control Center -> Elektra -> Augeas -> Climate -> The Fuck -> Suicide Linux
Virtual Filesystem: FuseIso -> Autofs -> AVFS -> afuse -> bindfs

Init

Daemon: Upstart -> SysVinit -> Initng -> Finit -> sinit
Service Manager: OpenRC (includes an optional own init) -> runit (includes an optional own init) -> Ignite -> daemontools-encore -> perp
Startup Scripts Manager: bum -> svsh -> sysv-rc-conf -> chkconfig

Job Scheduler

Event: incron -> inotify-tools -> entr -> wendy -> ACPI event daemon (acpid) -> waitfordevice (w4d)
Queue: Slurm -> Task Spooler
Time: Anacron -> fcron -> bcron -> dcron -> at

X Desktop

Application Launcher: ratmenu -> xcmd -> dmenu -> nenu
Boot Screen: Plymouth -> Splashy -> Fbsplash -> \
Clipboard: CopyQ -> clipmenu -> snippy -> xclip -> XSel
Compositing Window Manager: Compiz -> Compton -> Xcompmgr
Desktop Animated Character: Kawari + Ninix-aya (for Ukagaka) -> Gnome KiSS -> Oneko -> xevilteddy -> Xteddy
Desktop Automation: Autokey -> Sikuli -> Easystroke -> xdotool -> GNU Xnee
Font Settings: xfontsel + mkfontdir -> fontconfig -> /etc/X11/xorg.conf
Graphics Settings: RiceDB -> Wpgtk -> LxAppearance -> dconf -> Xset -> /etc/X11/xorg.conf
Login Manager: SLiM -> Qingy
Nested Display: Xephyr -> Xnest
Notification (Daemon): dunst -> slstatus -> SiND (Simple Notification Daemon)
Notification (Server): Libcanberra + Libnotify -> xmessage
Panel: Avant Window Navigator -> Global Menu -> Tint2
Screensaver: XScreenSaver -> XLockmore -> i3lock -> sxlock -> slock -> xset
Status Bar (Client): Dzen -> bevelbar -> Lemonbar
Status Bar (Server): monky -> i3status
Wallpaper Changer (Animated): Xphoon, xfireworks, Xsnow, xmountains, Xplanet, ImageMagick (animate)
Wallpaper Changer (Still): FEH -> xsetroot -> hsetroot -> imagemagick (but using 10MB more RAM than the others)
Wallpaper Changer (Terminal As Wallpaper): xli -> root-tail -> xrootconsole
Wallpaper Changer (Video): VLC (nvlc) -> mpv -> MPlayer
Window Manager: FVWM (+ FvwmTabs and 4dwm theme) -> IceWM (Windows XP-like) -> i3 -> Amiwm (Amiga-like) -> mlvwm (Macintosh-Like) -> MWM -> Ratpoison -> dwm (+ dwmstatus) -> FrankenWM -> TinyWM -> s3d (+ s3dfm, it's a 3D desktop independent of X!) -> Twin (independent of X) -> VWM (independent of X)
Window Manipulation: QuickTile -> wmctrl -> wmutils
Worskpace Pager: 3D-Desktop -> Skippy-XD
X Event Display: xprop -> xwininfo -> xev